1、傳動部分破壞的原因
刮板輸送機主要是由傳動部分、中間部分、機尾部分等組成。在整台機器中，減速器是一個關鍵部件，它擔負著傳遞動力、適時調節轉速的作用。一個結構合理的減速器對保證機器正常工作、提高生產率、延yan長chang機ji器qi的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming都dou會hui起qi到dao非fei常chang重zhong要yao的de作zuo用yong。在zai我wo國guo常chang用yong的de邊bian雙shuang鏈lian型xing可ke彎wan曲qu刮gua板ban輸shu送song機ji中zhong所suo使shi用yong的de減jian速su器qi基ji本ben上shang都dou采cai用yong三san級ji齒chi輪lun傳chuan動dong減jian速su器qi。SGB420/20(30)型刮板機的減速器結構如圖1所示。
從圖1中zhong可ke以yi看kan出chu減jian速su器qi的de第di一yi軸zhou是shi減jian速su器qi的de輸shu入ru軸zhou，它ta是shi弧hu齒chi圓yuan錐zhui齒chi輪lun軸zhou，在zai整zheng個ge動dong力li傳chuan輸shu係xi統tong中zhong與yu電dian機ji軸zhou直zhi接jie相xiang連lian。所suo以yi第di一yi軸zhou在zai工gong作zuo時shi的de旋xuan轉zhuan速su度du很hen高gao，在zai工gong作zuo時shi會hui產chan生sheng很hen高gao的de工gong作zuo溫wen度du，傳chuan遞di的de扭niu矩ju也ye很hen大da，整zheng個ge軸zhou是shi在zai高gao溫wen、重zhong載zai的de工gong況kuang下xia進jin行xing工gong作zuo，這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu第di一yi軸zhou在zai結jie構gou上shang要yao設she計ji合he理li，在zai安an裝zhuang時shi也ye要yao求qiu各ge零ling件jian安an裝zhuang位wei置zhi必bi須xu精jing確que，否fou則ze在zai傳chuan動dong時shi就jiu會hui有you很hen大da的de偏pian差cha，使shi整zheng個ge傳chuan輸shu過guo程cheng中zhong有you較jiao大da的de功gong率lv損sun失shi。刮gua板ban輸shu送song機ji的de輸shu送song對dui象xiang是shi爆bao破po或huo綜zong合he機ji采cai而er塌ta下xia的de煤mei塊kuai，工gong作zuo環huan境jing又you是shi煤mei井jing下xia的de采cai煤mei工gong作zuo麵mian，工gong作zuo過guo程cheng中zhong常chang會hui遇yu到dao衝chong擊ji載zai荷he和he超chao負fu荷he運yun行xing等deng情qing況kuang。由you於yu這zhe些xie惡e劣lie的de工gong作zuo條tiao件jian，再zai加jia上shang自zi身shen結jie構gou上shang的de原yuan因yin，所suo以yi第di一yi軸zhou中zhong的de軸zhou弧hu齒chi圓yuan錐zhui齒chi輪lun在zai使shi用yong時shi，軸zhou端duan的de齒chi輪lun較jiao易yi磨mo損sun，需xu要yao經jing常chang更geng換huan。
2、SGB420j20(30)型減速器的結構缺陷
本減速器中第一軸的組成結構如圖2所示，主要由軸弧圓錐齒輪1、調心滾子軸承2、軸套3、擋環5、向心推力球軸承6、螺母8等deng組zu成cheng。在zai安an裝zhuang時shi，將jiang軸zhou上shang擋dang環huan的de凸tu沿yan安an裝zhuang在zai上shang下xia箱xiang體ti的de缺que口kou中zhong，利li用yong箱xiang體ti和he凸tu沿yan的de左zuo接jie觸chu麵mian對dui向xiang心xin推tui力li球qiu軸zhou承cheng起qi定ding位wei作zuo用yong，並bing且qie在zai工gong作zuo時shi還hai可ke利li用yong箱xiang體ti的de凹ao槽cao來lai承cheng受shou一yi定ding的de軸zhou向xiang力li。軸zhou承cheng采cai用yong的de是shi反fan向xiang並bing裝zhuang，雖sui然ran對dui軸zhou的de支zhi承cheng剛gang性xing較jiao高gao，但dan是shi要yao靠kao軸zhou套tao、danghuanheluomutiaojieqizhouchengdejianxi。zheyangdejiegougeijiansuqideshengchanheweihudailaibubian。shouxianshizaizhouhuyuanzhuichilunmosunhouxuyaogenghuanshi，youyudanghuandetuyanchazaixiangtineishidiyizhoubuyiquchu，suoyizaigenghuanshibixudakaixianggaifangkequchu。zheduiyugongzuohuanjingeliedexiaxiaogongzuomianlaijiangshiyijianhaoshifeilideshi。
另外，由於減速器的箱體材料多是Hrl250，ercizhouyoushizaigaosuzhongzai，chongjizaihedengtiaojianfanzhonghefuzadechanghexiayunxing，gongzuoshizhouyuanhuzhuichilunyutiaoxingunzizhouchengshangdechilunzainieheshijiuhuichanshengjiaodadejingxianglihezhouxiangli，dangjingxianglihezhouxianglibudashi，youtiaoxingun-子zi軸zhou承cheng和he向xiang心xin推tui力li球qiu軸zhou承cheng承cheng擔dan，對dui軸zhou的de位wei置zhi進jin行xing調tiao整zheng使shi軸zhou正zheng常chang工gong作zuo。但dan在zai徑jing向xiang力li的de不bu斷duan作zuo用yong下xia，在zai調tiao心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng與yu箱xiang體ti之zhi間jian就jiu會hui產chan生sheng摩mo擦ca，由you於yu調tiao心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng的de外wai圈quan材cai料liao優you於yu箱xiang體ti材cai料liao，在zai詞ci心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng與yu箱xiang體ti間jian就jiu會hui產chan生sheng間jian隙xi。由you於yu間jian隙xi的de存cun在zai，軸zhou工gong作zuo時shi就jiu會hui產chan生sheng偏pian移yi和he擺bai動dong。軸zhou沿yan徑jing向xiang產chan生sheng的de偏pian移yi一yi般ban可ke由you調tiao心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng進jin行xing調tiao整zheng。但dan當dang箱xiang體ti在zai衝chong擊ji載zai荷he和he重zhong載zai的de不bu斷duan作zuo用yong下xia，箱xiang體ti與yu軸zhou承cheng的de接jie觸chu麵mian處chu最zui終zhong就jiu產chan生sheng壓ya潰kui失shi效xiao，使shi間jian隙xi加jia大da，此ci時shi詞ci心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng就jiu會hui失shi去qu其qi調tiao心xin作zuo用yong，使shi軸zhou在zai工gong作zuo時shi以yi齒chi輪lun齧nie合he點dian為wei支zhi點dian沿yan其qi徑jing向xiang擺bai動dong，整zheng個ge軸zhou係xi部bu件jian在zai機ji座zuo上shang就jiu不bu會hui有you準zhun確que的de工gong作zuo位wei置zhi。另ling外wai，軸zhou弧hu圓yuan錐zhui齒chi輪lun在zai工gong作zuo時shi還hai會hui產chan生sheng很hen大da的de軸zhou向xiang力li，會hui使shi軸zhou產chan生sheng竄cuan動dong。當dang正zheng常chang工gong作zuo時shi，此ci變bian形xing由you軸zhou係xi各ge零ling件jian進jin行xing調tiao整zheng。由you於yu工gong作zuo時shi經jing常chang有you衝chong擊ji載zai荷he和he重zhong載zai等deng情qing況kuang出chu現xian，再zai加jia上shang軸zhou工gong作zuo時shi徑jing向xiang擺bai動dong，因yin此ci，當dang軸zhou向xiang徑jing向xiang載zai荷he增zeng大da到dao一yi定ding程cheng度du時shi就jiu加jia快kuai了le調tiao心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng本ben身shen的de失shi效xiao，使shi滾gun動dong體ti與yu外wai圈quan的de間jian隙xi增zeng大da，從cong圖tu2zhongkekanchu，gaitiaoxingunzizhouchengdewaiquanyouwuzhouxiangdingweizhuangzhi，suoyidangxiangtiyakuihoutiaoxingunzizhouchengdewaiquanzaigongzuoshijiuhuixiangxiangtineicuanchu，shiwaiquanyuzhouhuyuanzhuichilunchanshengpengzhuangyingxiangchuandong，chanshenghendadezaosheng，zaizheyouyugongzuoshisuizhezhouxianglidebuduanzengda，xiangtishangdeaocaozuocemianyudanghuanyehuichanshengyidingdemosun，shidezhenggezhouzaigongzuoshidezhouxiangweizhifashenggaibian，chuxianzhouxiangcuandong，shidiyizhoudezhouduanchilunyudierzhoudechilunbunengzhengchangniehe，yingxiangdaogonglvdechuandi。lingwai，xiangtishangdeaocaochicunduidiyizhoubujiandeanzhuangweizhiqijuedingzuoyong，zaijiagongshichicundejingduyaoqiujiaogao，zhegeijiagongyedailaileyidingdekunnan。
根據在使用中暴露出的一些缺陷，用戶對減速器的結構提出了改進要求：(1)在第一軸損壞後能簡單地進行換裝，而不需打開箱蓋；(2)通過其結構上的改造來消除傳動中所暴露出的問題。
3、改進方案
zhenduishangshuyaoqiuheguabanjideshiyonggongkuang，zhenduigaijiegoudejiansuqidediyizhoubufenjinxinglegaijin，duishangshujiegoudejiansuqijiujinxingleyixiadezhuyaofangmiandegaijin(見圖3):首shou先xian，取qu消xiao原yuan結jie構gou中zhong的de擋dang環huan，將jiang該gai軸zhou係xi的de軸zhou向xiang位wei置zhi設she計ji成cheng可ke調tiao整zheng，將jiang整zheng個ge軸zhou係xi裝zhuang在zai軸zhou承cheng套tao中zhong，用yong軸zhou承cheng套tao和he向xiang心xin推tui力li球qiu軸zhou承cheng對dui螺luo母mu進jin行xing左zuo定ding位wei，而er對dui第di一yi軸zhou在zai箱xiang體ti上shang的de軸zhou向xiang位wei置zhi采cai用yong了le螺luo母mu11和軸承蓋12來調節，擰動調整螺母11就可改變該軸係的位置。所以當該軸位置軸向在製造、安(an)裝(zhuang)及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)有(you)少(shao)量(liang)移(yi)動(dong)時(shi)，可(ke)很(hen)方(fang)便(bian)地(di)進(jin)行(xing)調(tiao)節(jie)。再(zai)者(zhe)，當(dang)第(di)一(yi)軸(zhou)的(de)軸(zhou)端(duan)齒(chi)磨(mo)損(sun)時(shi)，拆(chai)下(xia)軸(zhou)承(cheng)蓋(gai)就(jiu)很(hen)方(fang)便(bian)地(di)將(jiang)軸(zhou)承(cheng)套(tao)和(he)整(zheng)個(ge)軸(zhou)係(xi)零(ling)件(jian)取(qu)出(chu)進(jin)行(xing)更(geng)換(huan)，而(er)無(wu)需(xu)打(da)開(kai)箱(xiang)蓋(gai)，省(sheng)時(shi)又(you)省(sheng)力(li)；其次，由於調心滾子軸承與軸套（材料為45鋼）直接配合而不是與箱體直接接觸，所以，當第～zhougongzuoshibuhuifashengyiwangdexiangtimosunyuyakuixianxiang，shidezhenggechuandongjingdutigao，zaoshengjianshao，youxiaodifangzhilegaijinqiandeyixiebuliqingkuangdefasheng。zaizheduitiaoxingunzizhouchengzengjialedingwei，youyugaixibujiandexuanzhuanjingdujiaogao，suoyizaizhoudeyouzhizuoshangrengrancaiyongbingzhuangdeyiduixiangxintuilizhoucheng，jiangxiangxintuiliqiuzhouchengyouyuanlaidefanzhuanggaichenglezhengzhuang，bingzaizhuangpeiqianzaierzhouchengdeneiquanzhijianfangyidian，zaizhuangpeishijiuyongluomulaijinxingyujinshierzhouchengneiquanhuxiangyajin，ranggundongtiyunei、外wai圈quan接jie觸chu處chu產chan生sheng一yi定ding的de初chu變bian形xing，以yi消xiao除chu內nei部bu的de原yuan始shi間jian隙xi，使shi得de軸zhou承cheng組zu合he的de剛gang性xing和he旋xuan轉zhuan精jing度du提ti高gao，軸zhou承cheng的de壽shou命ming提ti高gao，減jian少shao軸zhou的de振zhen動dong，使shi第di一yi軸zhou部bu件jian在zai作zuo高gao速su運yun轉zhuan時shi減jian少shao了le振zhen動dong，運yun轉zhuan更geng加jia平ping穩wen。另ling外wai，軸zhou承cheng間jian隙xi的de調tiao整zheng主zhu要yao靠kao外wai圈quan來lai完wan成cheng，使shi得de軸zhou承cheng在zai安an裝zhuang和he調tiao整zheng時shi都dou比bi較jiao方fang便bian。
4、結束語
根(gen)據(ju)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)改(gai)造(zao)，使(shi)現(xian)場(chang)更(geng)換(huan)易(yi)損(sun)第(di)一(yi)軸(zhou)難(nan)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)得(de)以(yi)解(jie)決(jue)，給(gei)維(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)極(ji)大(da)的(de)方(fang)便(bian)，使(shi)得(de)整(zheng)個(ge)傳(chuan)動(dong)工(gong)況(kuang)得(de)到(dao)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的(de)改(gai)善(shan)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)。實(shi)踐(jian)已(yi)證(zheng)明(ming)此(ci)種(zhong)改(gai)造(zao)是(shi)切(qie)實(shi)可(ke)行(xing)的(de)。當(dang)然(ran)對(dui)於(yu)此(ci)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)改(gai)造(zao)各(ge)廠(chang)家(jia)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)機(ji)型(xing)上(shang)都(dou)有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)，但(dan)都(dou)是(shi)基(ji)於(yu)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)勞(lao)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)。
