最近幾年，全國各地興建不少利用粉煤灰爐渣、煤(mei)矸(gan)石(shi)和(he)頁(ye)岩(yan)等(deng)工(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)渣(zha)為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)的(de)燒(shao)結(jie)空(kong)心(xin)磚(zhuan)廠(chang)和(he)各(ge)類(lei)頁(ye)岩(yan)製(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)。這(zhe)些(xie)廠(chang)在(zai)設(she)備(bei)配(pei)套(tao)方(fang)麵(mian)，在(zai)原(yuan)料(liao)處(chu)理(li)車(che)間(jian)，一(yi)般(ban)要(yao)用(yong)到(dao)一(yi)至(zhi)幾(ji)台(tai)雙(shuang)環(huan)鏈(lian)刮板輸送機（在這裏主要起往振動篩或破碎機輸送和配料的作用）。但這些雙環鏈刮板輸送機在發揮輸送物料、多點卸料、封閉性好等優勢的同時，又或多或少存在浮鏈（浮鏈，也就是平時所說的飄鏈，刮板鏈條漂浮於輸送物料之上的現象。使設備的輸送量大大減少，多見於水平輸送）的de問wen題ti，嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang到dao該gai設she備bei的de輸shu送song量liang，也ye影ying響xiang到dao其qi前qian後hou設she備bei的de運yun行xing。因yin此ci，有you必bi要yao對dui雙shuang環huan鏈lian刮gua板ban輸shu送song機ji產chan生sheng的de浮fu鏈lian問wen題ti分fen析xi一yi下xia，找zhao出chu解jie決jue的de辦ban法fa，提ti高gao設she備bei的de工gong作zuo可ke靠kao性xing和he使shi用yong壽shou命ming。圖tul是常見的磚瓦廠原料處理車間的工藝布置圖。本文將就浮鏈產生的原因及應采取的措施談一些個人的看法。
1、浮鏈產生的原因
雙環鏈刮板輸送機是最早用在煤炭行業井上或井下的輸送設備。後來用作鍋爐供暖的輸煤及除渣設備，以及洗煤行業的輸送設備和港口、碼ma頭tou的de糧liang食shi輸shu送song等deng行xing業ye。把ba這zhe些xie成cheng熟shu的de產chan品pin用yong在zai磚zhuan瓦wa行xing業ye，往wang往wang達da不bu到dao預yu期qi的de使shi用yong效xiao果guo，特te別bie是shi產chan生sheng浮fu鏈lian現xian象xiang後hou，使shi輸shu送song量liang大da為wei減jian少shao，原yuan因yin有you以yi下xia幾ji點dian。
1.1實際輸送量大於設計輸送量
磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)原(yuan)料(liao)處(chu)理(li)車(che)間(jian)所(suo)輸(shu)送(song)物(wu)料(liao)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)顯(xian)著(zhu)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)有(you)回(hui)料(liao)，即(ji)破(po)碎(sui)機(ji)下(xia)的(de)物(wu)料(liao)要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)篩(shai)選(xuan)，有(you)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)粗(cu)料(liao)經(jing)過(guo)雙(shuang)環(huan)鏈(lian)刮(gua)板(ban)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)的(de)輸(shu)送(song)重(zhong)新(xin)回(hui)到(dao)破(po)碎(sui)機(ji)。由(you)於(yu)全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)的(de)頁(ye)岩(yan)、meiganshiyingdubuyiyang，suiranzaikexingxingyanjiujieduanduiyuanliaoyousuofenxi，danyoushifenxidejieguohewakaihoudeshijiyuanliaoyoubuxiaodechuru，daozhishaifenhouhegewuliaohanliangjianshao，erhuiquzhongxinposuidecuwuliaohanliangzengduo。erjingyijiposuibuchongdeyuanliaomeiyougaibian，zheshiqidongbeiyongdeposuijihuozheposuijibenshendeshengchanliangyouyuliang，kemanzusuoxuhegewuliaodechanliang。ruoshuanghuanlianguabanshusongjishejishusongliangruguomeiyouyuliangdehua，zhexieduoyudewuliaojiuhuizaixiangtidedibuchenji，tuoqiguabanliantiao，yejiushishijishusongliangdayushejishusongliangshijiuhuichanshengfulianxianxiang。
1.2所輸送的物料含水分大，物料粘附在設備上
zhuanwaxingyedeyuanliaoshilutianfangzhide，shouzhouweihuanjingdeyingxiangtebieda。youyuzhongguodenanfanghebeifangnianjiangshuiliangchajuhenda，tongyidiqudebutongjijiejiangshuiliangchajuyehenda，shiyuanliaochulichejiandewuliaohanshuilvchabiehenda。dangwuliaodehanshuiliangdayu12%～15%shi，bufenxifenliaohuizhanjiezaishuanghuanlianguabanshusongjidecaoxiangdibuhecebuyijiguabanheliantiaoshang，zhexiezhanjiedewuliaoyoushoudaocaoxiangyuguabanheliantiaodejiya，suizheshijiandetuiyi，jiuhuiyicengyicengdijuji，erqieyuejiyuemishi，zuihouxingchengyicengjianyingdewaiketuoqiguabanliantiao，yejiushidangwuliaohanshuilvdashi，wuliaoheshebeizhijianhuizhanjieyinghua，zuizhongchanshengfulianxianxiang。
1.3所輸送的較大粒度的物料所占的百分比含量較高
dangshuanghuanlianguabanshusongjisuoshusongdewuliaozhongjiaodalidudewuliaosuozhandebaifenbihanliangjiaogaoshi，zhengtiwuliaodemiduyaobijiaodalidudewuliaosuozhandebaifenbihanliangdishidemiduyaoda。zheshi，jiaoxiaolidudewuliaohuitianchongjiaodalidudewuliaokelizhijiandekongxi，shisuoshusongdewuliaozhengtimiduzengda，zheshiyerongyishiwuliaotuoqiguabanliantiao，chanshengguabanliantiaopiaofuyushusongwuliaozhishangdefulianxianxiang。
1.4其他產生浮鏈的因素
有時，雙環鏈刮板輸送機所輸送物料中含有植物的根、莖、葉、塑料膜等軟性雜質，甚至物料中混有鐵片、焊條頭、螺釘螺母、斷落的破碎機錘頭、攪拌機絞刀等硬性雜質；還有整體設備的直線度、平整度超差，安裝平台剛性較差，單台設備過長等，這都有可能導致浮鏈現象。
2、控製浮鏈產生的措施
2.1 增加槽箱的有效使用寬度
在磚瓦廠原料處理的設備選型上，盡量把現場原料特性搞清楚，選型時把雙環鏈刮板輸送機要達到的輸送量加上20%～30%deyuliang。duiyuyitourushiyongdeshuanghuanlianguabanshusongji，gaizaoshichaichucaoxiangliangcedezhushiban，ranhouzaicaoxiangliangcehanjiejiejincaoxiangchengzaishendudenaimoban。gaizaohouzengjialecaoxiangdeyouxiaoshiyongkuandu，kezaiyuanlaishebeishusongliangdejichushangzaizengjia10%～20%。
2.2合理提高刮板鏈條的運行速度來增大設備的輸送量
dangshejishusongliangxiaoyushijishusongliangshi，zengjiacaoxiangdeyouxiaoshiyongkuanduheheliditigaoguabanliantiaodeyunxingsududounenghenhaodekongzhifulianxianxiang。qudongzhuangzhiruyouyijitaotonggunzilianchuandongshi，zengdaxiaolianlundechicun、縮小大鏈輪的尺寸、選用高速電機、選(xuan)用(yong)小(xiao)減(jian)速(su)比(bi)的(de)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)等(deng)均(jun)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)提(ti)高(gao)刮(gua)板(ban)鏈(lian)條(tiao)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)速(su)度(du)，來(lai)增(zeng)大(da)設(she)備(bei)的(de)輸(shu)送(song)量(liang)。當(dang)然(ran)，這(zhe)要(yao)增(zeng)大(da)設(she)備(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)，縮(suo)短(duan)易(yi)損(sun)件(jian)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，建(jian)議(yi)在(zai)設(she)備(bei)刮(gua)板(ban)鏈(lian)條(tiao)的(de)原(yuan)來(lai)運(yun)行(xing)速(su)度(du)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)提(ti)高(gao)50%以下為好。
2.3改進刮板的結構形式
標準的刮板型材在輸送頁岩、煤矸石、粉fen煤mei灰hui等deng混hun合he原yuan料liao時shi，物wu料liao之zhi間jian的de內nei摩mo擦ca力li不bu足zu以yi克ke服fu物wu料liao在zai機ji槽cao中zhong移yi動dong而er產chan生sheng的de外wai摩mo擦ca阻zu力li，這zhe種zhong力li不bu足zu以yi使shi物wu料liao形xing成cheng穩wen定ding的de流liu動dong狀zhuang態tai，同tong時shi由you於yu該gai原yuan料liao有you一yi定ding的de塑su性xing和he粘zhan性xing，刮gua板ban型xing材cai的de弊bi端duan就jiu顯xian現xian出chu來lai：一是槽箱兩側環鏈周圍的物料它不能刮到；ershiguabanxingcaibenshengaoduyouxian。zhejiuyaoqiugaijinguabandejiegouxingshi，budanyaozengjiagaoduerqieyaonengguadaocaoxiangliangcehuanlianzhouweidewuliao。gaijinhoudeguabanhexinxingguabandeshusongliangbitongdengxinghaodebiaozhunguabanshusongjiyaotigao20%-40%，同時對七述容易產生浮鏈現象的原因二和原因三都有很好的抑製作用。圖3就是改進後刮板的結構形式。圖4是重新設計的新型刮板的結構形式。
2.4合理地設計和安裝刮板的傾斜角度
改gai進jin刮gua板ban的de結jie構gou形xing式shi不bu但dan提ti高gao了le雙shuang環huan鏈lian刮gua板ban輸shu送song機ji的de輸shu送song量liang，而er且qie刮gua到dao了le槽cao箱xiang兩liang側ce環huan鏈lian周zhou圍wei的de物wu料liao，使shi含han水shui率lv大da一yi點dian的de物wu料liao不bu至zhi於yu會hui粘zhan結jie在zai設she備bei槽cao箱xiang的de底di部bu和he側ce部bu，很hen好hao地di防fang止zhi了le浮fu鏈lian的de產chan生sheng。但dan有you時shi尤you其qi是shi當dang較jiao大da粒li度du的de物wu料liao所suo占zhan的de百bai分fen比bi含han量liang較jiao高gao時shi，整zheng體ti物wu料liao的de密mi度du增zeng大da了le，這zhe就jiu要yao合he理li地di設she計ji和he安an裝zhuang刮gua板ban的de傾qing斜xie角jiao度du，一yi般ban情qing況kuang下xia，刮gua板ban的de傾qing斜xie安an裝zhuang角jiao度du以yi70°為(wei)宜(yi)。這(zhe)時(shi)，物(wu)料(liao)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)對(dui)刮(gua)板(ban)的(de)反(fan)作(zuo)用(yong)力(li)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)個(ge)向(xiang)下(xia)的(de)分(fen)力(li)，這(zhe)個(ge)力(li)可(ke)使(shi)刮(gua)板(ban)鏈(lian)條(tiao)緊(jin)貼(tie)刮(gua)板(ban)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)槽(cao)箱(xiang)的(de)底(di)部(bu)，不(bu)至(zhi)於(yu)使(shi)刮(gua)板(ban)鏈(lian)條(tiao)浮(fu)起(qi)。圖(tu)5是傾斜安裝刮板的結構簡圖，這種傾斜刮板和改進的直型刮板可間隔1個裝1個，也可間隔3—5個裝1個，也可全部裝這種傾斜刮板，但這會對輸送量有少許影響。
2.5安裝壓鏈輪或者壓板
dangshuanghuanlianguabanshusongjisuoshusongwuliaodeshuifendazhanxingda，huozhezhengtiwuliaodemiduxiangduibijiaodashi，jiuyaoanzhuangyalianlunhuozheyabanlaikongzhichanshengfulianxianxiang。yalianluntongguozhouchengzuogudingzaicaoxiangdeliangce，yazhuliantiao，suizheliantiaodezhixianyundongerzhuandong。yabanshihanjiezaicaobishang，qiangzhiyalian。houzhebiqianzhedezulishaoda，mosunxingshaoda。anzhuangyalianlunhuozheyabandeweizhituijianxuanzaijuliweibudezhengtaishebeide1/2～1/3處。圖6是安裝壓鏈輪和壓板的結構形式。
2.6提高設備的安裝精度，加強設備的運行管理
提高設備的安裝精度，使整體設備的直線度、平整度都在公差允許範圍之內。加強設備的運行管理，使設備始終處於最佳的運行狀態。及時更換易損件、受(shou)損(sun)的(de)部(bu)件(jian)，安(an)裝(zhuang)除(chu)鐵(tie)器(qi)及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)理(li)物(wu)料(liao)中(zhong)的(de)雜(za)質(zhi)，建(jian)造(zao)遮(zhe)雨(yu)棚(peng)，增(zeng)大(da)前(qian)道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)的(de)物(wu)料(liao)破(po)碎(sui)比(bi)，定(ding)時(shi)清(qing)理(li)易(yi)粘(zhan)結(jie)的(de)物(wu)料(liao)，減(jian)小(xiao)單(dan)台(tai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)距(ju)離(li)等(deng)，都(dou)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)防(fang)止(zhi)雙(shuang)環(huan)鏈(lian)刮(gua)板(ban)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)浮(fu)鏈(lian)現(xian)象(xiang)。
3、結束語
通tong過guo對dui雙shuang環huan鏈lian刮gua板ban輸shu送song機ji浮fu鏈lian現xian象xiang產chan生sheng原yuan因yin的de分fen析xi與yu控kong製zhi，改gai進jin後hou的de設she備bei均jun能neng穩wen定ding的de連lian續xu運yun行xing，使shi整zheng個ge工gong廠chang的de生sheng產chan麵mian貌mao得de到dao極ji大da的de改gai善shan。從cong而er使shi其qi他ta行xing業ye成cheng
熟優質的產品更好地為磚瓦行業服務。
