1、事故原因
1.1鬥式提升機能力偏低
jinnianlai，youyumeitanxingshihaozhuan，shishijishengchannenglichaoguoyuanshejinengli，zuoweizhuxixuanshebeidetiaotaijizaizuidaxiandufahuinengli。danshi，doushitishengjiyouyushejiyuanyinnenglibuzu。tiaotaijipailiaoliangyidanchuxianjiaodabodong，shidouzibunengjishitishengerchuxianyadouzishigu。zhejiushiwomenpingshishuodetiaotaijisijigeideliangdale。
1.2 煤質突然變化
露天開采時，坑下過斷層等地質結構變化或采集頂、底(di)板(ban)，會(hui)使(shi)煤(mei)灰(hui)分(fen)突(tu)然(ran)升(sheng)高(gao)。跳(tiao)汰(tai)選(xuan)煤(mei)重(zhong)點(dian)在(zai)於(yu)保(bao)證(zheng)精(jing)煤(mei)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)。所(suo)以(yi)，出(chu)現(xian)原(yuan)煤(mei)灰(hui)分(fen)很(hen)高(gao)時(shi)，必(bi)定(ding)會(hui)使(shi)矸(gan)石(shi)或(huo)中(zhong)煤(mei)排(pai)量(liang)迅(xun)速(su)增(zeng)加(jia)，導(dao)致(zhi)鬥(dou)式(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)機(ji)超(chao)載(zai)甚(shen)至(zhi)出(chu)現(xian)壓(ya)鬥(dou)子(zi)事(shi)故(gu)。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)鬥(dou)子(zi)提(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)力(li)相(xiang)對(dui)不(bu)足(zu)引(yin)起(qi)。
1.3跳汰機排料裝置故障
跳汰機排料方式分手動和自動兩種。手動方式較麻煩，指標保證難，處理能力也較小，一般不采用；但dan手shou動dong調tiao節jie不bu會hui出chu現xian壓ya鬥dou子zi事shi故gu。自zi動dong排pai料liao方fang式shi的de工gong作zuo原yuan理li是shi，通tong過guo浮fu標biao機ji構gou的de位wei移yi傳chuan感gan器qi檢jian測ce跳tiao汰tai機ji床chuang層ceng的de重zhong產chan物wu層ceng厚hou度du，基ji於yu設she定ding值zhi並bing通tong過guo排pai料liao執zhi行xing機ji構gou調tiao節jie物wu料liao排pai放fang量liang。所suo以yi，浮fu標biao機ji構gou不bu靈ling活huo或huo傳chuan感gan器qi損sun壞huai，都dou會hui使shi床chuang層ceng傳chuan感gan器qi信xin號hao失shi真zhen，造zao成cheng排pai料liao執zhi行xing機ji構gou過guo量liang排pai料liao，導dao致zhi鬥dou子zi不bu能neng及ji時shi提ti升sheng而er出chu現xian壓ya鬥dou子zi事shi故gu。
2、對策
2.1 提高鬥式提升機能力
通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)高(gao)鬥(dou)鏈(lian)速(su)度(du)或(huo)增(zeng)加(jia)料(liao)鬥(dou)容(rong)量(liang)加(jia)大(da)鬥(dou)式(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)機(ji)能(neng)力(li)，使(shi)之(zhi)與(yu)人(ren)洗(xi)能(neng)力(li)適(shi)應(ying)。這(zhe)種(zhong)辦(ban)法(fa)確(que)實(shi)有(you)效(xiao)。但(dan)是(shi)，由(you)於(yu)改(gai)變(bian)了(le)原(yuan)鬥(dou)式(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)機(ji)的(de)設(she)計(ji)參(can)數(shu)，易(yi)超(chao)出(chu)設(she)備(bei)機(ji)械(xie)強(qiang)度(du)極(ji)限(xian)，存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)盲(mang)目(mu)性(xing)和(he)潛(qian)在(zai)風(feng)險(xian)。即(ji)便(bian)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)能(neng)夠(gou)解(jie)決(jue)問(wen)題(ti)，但(dan)過(guo)高(gao)的(de)鏈(lian)速(su)和(he)負(fu)載(zai)不(bu)僅(jin)影(ying)響(xiang)脫(tuo)水(shui)效(xiao)果(guo)，也(ye)勢(shi)必(bi)加(jia)快(kuai)鬥(dou)鏈(lian)的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)並(bing)降(jiang)低(di)其(qi)它(ta)部(bu)件(jian)壽(shou)命(ming)，所(suo)以(yi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)不(bu)宜(yi)提(ti)倡(chang)。
2.2 監測入洗煤質，及時調整入洗量
加jia強qiang煤mei質zhi室shi采cai製zhi樣yang人ren員yuan的de勞lao動dong紀ji律lv，嚴yan格ge原yuan煤mei煤mei質zhi檢jian測ce製zhi度du並bing及ji時shi向xiang跳tiao汰tai司si機ji報bao樣yang。當dang原yuan煤mei灰hui分fen突tu然ran增zeng高gao時shi，跳tiao汰tai機ji司si機ji可ke人ren為wei調tiao整zheng跳tiao汰tai機ji有you關guan參can數shu，減jian小xiao入ru洗xi量liang並bing限xian製zhi排pai料liao量liang，防fang止zhi瞬shun時shi過guo量liang排pai料liao擠ji壓ya鬥dou子zi。
zhezhongbanfatongyangyoujiaodajuxianxing。yinweiyuanmeimeizhijiancecunzaiyidingdejiangezhouqihezhihouxing，wufazhunquejishiyuceshunjianfashengdemeizhibianhua，erqiehaiyaoyilairenweitiaojie，zhiyueledanjizidonghuachengdudetigao。
2.3定期維護浮標和排料裝置
為wei防fang止zhi浮fu標biao排pai料liao裝zhuang置zhi故gu障zhang而er出chu現xian壓ya鬥dou子zi事shi故gu，必bi須xu對dui該gai裝zhuang置zhi定ding期qi維wei護hu檢jian查zha，排pai除chu故gu障zhang隱yin患huan。實shi際ji上shang，多duo數shu故gu障zhang都dou是shi突tu然ran出chu現xian的de，所suo以yi，要yao依yi靠kao跳tiao汰tai機ji司si機ji隨sui時shi觀guan察cha排pai料liao裝zhuang置zhi運yun行xing情qing況kuang，根gen據ju經jing驗yan判pan斷duan故gu障zhang原yuan因yin，並bing快kuai速su作zuo出chu正zheng確que反fan應ying。
3、新的思路
雖然采取了常規應對措施，但都不能切實有效解決壓鬥子問題。結合現場經驗，並綜合考慮給料機、跳汰機和鬥式提升機的相互關係，通過對三者的電氣控製，進行新的改造。
3.1跳汰機控製
1)浮標裝置故障自診斷和報警
為(wei)避(bi)免(mian)浮(fu)標(biao)動(dong)作(zuo)不(bu)靈(ling)活(huo)或(huo)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)失(shi)靈(ling)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)排(pai)料(liao)，通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)控(kong)係(xi)統(tong)對(dui)其(qi)運(yun)行(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)。正(zheng)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，浮(fu)標(biao)會(hui)隨(sui)跳(tiao)汰(tai)床(chuang)層(ceng)的(de)脈(mai)動(dong)而(er)上(shang)下(xia)運(yun)動(dong)，床(chuang)層(ceng)檢(jian)測(ce)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)會(hui)隨(sui)浮(fu)標(biao)運(yun)動(dong)而(er)輸(shu)出(chu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)。基(ji)於(yu)這(zhe)個(ge)特(te)點(dian)，可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)PLC采cai集ji這zhe些xie電dian信xin號hao並bing進jin行xing比bi較jiao。如ru果guo不bu符fu合he上shang述shu變bian化hua規gui律lv，則ze有you可ke能neng出chu現xian浮fu標biao導dao向xiang杆gan被bei卡ka住zhu或huo傳chuan感gan器qi損sun壞huai。這zhe時shi，電dian控kong係xi統tong會hui聲sheng光guang報bao警jing，提ti醒xing司si機ji排pai除chu故gu障zhang。如ru果guo故gu障zhang信xin號hao較jiao明ming顯xian，跳tiao汰tai機ji會hui暫zan停ting給gei料liao並bing將jiang跳tiao汰tai機ji處chu於yu自zi動dong放fang水shui休xiu眠mian狀zhuang態tai，等deng待dai人ren為wei排pai除chu。這zhe樣yang，就jiu避bi免mian了le由you於yu浮fu標biao信xin號hao異yi常chang持chi續xu高gao位wei造zao成cheng的de過guo量liang持chi續xu排pai料liao。
2) 設定排料裝置最大排料速度
理li論lun上shang，為wei保bao證zheng產chan品pin質zhi量liang，跳tiao汰tai機ji排pai料liao量liang是shi依yi據ju重zhong產chan物wu層ceng的de厚hou度du，即ji浮fu標biao傳chuan感gan器qi的de信xin號hao大da小xiao進jin行xing調tiao節jie。如ru果guo床chuang層ceng中zhong的de重zhong產chan物wu量liang足zu夠gou大da，排pai料liao機ji構gou勢shi必bi會hui提ti高gao排pai料liao速su度du，直zhi至zhi達da到dao最zui大da排pai料liao量liang。這zhe時shi，如ru果guo鬥dou子zi提ti升sheng能neng力li不bu足zu便bian容rong易yi出chu現xian壓ya鬥dou子zi事shi故gu。
shengchanzhong，weibaozhenglianxuzhengchangyunzhuan，kegenjudoushitishengjinengli，tongguochengxushedingzuidapailiaosudu。shouxian，bixuquebaoxitongzhengchangyunxing，duanshijiandexianzhipailiaohuishichanpinhuifenshunshishenggao，dantiaotaijihuisuishibaojing，xianggeimeijifankuixinhao，zidongjianxiaogeimeiliang，shizidongpailiaoxitongxunsuhuifudaozhengchangzhuangtai，suoyi，buhuiyingxiangzuizhongchanpinhuifen。
3.2 鬥式提升機控製
1)變頻調速
采(cai)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)調(tiao)速(su)控(kong)製(zhi)，是(shi)使(shi)鬥(dou)式(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)機(ji)能(neng)夠(gou)根(gen)據(ju)跳(tiao)汰(tai)機(ji)入(ru)洗(xi)不(bu)同(tong)煤(mei)質(zhi)或(huo)洗(xi)選(xuan)不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)品(pin)時(shi)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)排(pai)料(liao)量(liang)調(tiao)節(jie)提(ti)升(sheng)速(su)度(du)，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)最(zui)佳(jia)的(de)脫(tuo)水(shui)提(ti)升(sheng)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)運(yun)行(xing)速(su)度(du)。
采cai用yong變bian頻pin調tiao速su，雖sui然ran增zeng加jia了le初chu次ci投tou入ru，但dan從cong節jie能neng和he減jian少shao易yi損sun件jian消xiao耗hao等deng角jiao度du考kao慮lv，仍reng有you積ji極ji意yi義yi，可ke在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang避bi免mian鬥dou式shi提ti升sheng機ji被bei擠ji壓ya事shi故gu發fa生sheng。
2)電流過載保護
電dian流liu過guo載zai保bao護hu簡jian單dan易yi行xing。除chu傳chuan統tong的de過guo載zai停ting機ji保bao護hu外wai，可ke增zeng設she中zhong間jian預yu警jing保bao護hu。在zai停ting機ji保bao護hu預yu警jing時shi，減jian小xiao排pai料liao量liang和he給gei料liao量liang，提ti高gao鬥dou鏈lian速su度du，盡jin量liang避bi免mian出chu現xian過guo載zai停ting機ji。因yin為wei，過guo載zai停ting機ji往wang往wang伴ban隨sui鬥dou子zi擠ji壓ya事shi故gu同tong時shi發fa生sheng，處chu理li起qi來lai都dou較jiao困kun難nan。設she定ding中zhong間jian保bao護hu電dian流liu值zhi時shi，需xu要yao事shi先xian對dui鬥dou子zi運yun行xing情qing況kuang進jin行xing必bi要yao的de觀guan察cha和he測ce量liang，並bing根gen據ju實shi際ji情qing況kuang進jin行xing修xiu正zheng。
3)液位監測保護
genjuxianchangjingyan，dangdoushitishengjineicunliaoguoduoyouyadouziyuzhaoshi，jixiangneideshuiweihuimingxianshenggao。tongguoxianchangguanchabiankefaxianqizhongguilv。suoyi，genjuzhegexianxiang，kezaidoushitishengjishidangbuweianzhuangshuiweijiance。dangshuiweidadaogaiweizhishuchuxinhaoshi，jiuzhixingxiangyingdeyunxingchengxu，fanghuanyuweiran。
3.3給料機控製
跳汰機的給料采用變頻調速調節給煤量。變頻調速便於實現自動控製．給gei料liao量liang的de大da小xiao原yuan則ze上shang與yu跳tiao汰tai機ji能neng力li相xiang匹pi配pei，主zhu要yao考kao慮lv滿man足zu跳tiao汰tai機ji正zheng常chang分fen選xuan要yao求qiu即ji可ke。但dan在zai實shi際ji生sheng產chan中zhong，為wei避bi免mian頻pin繁fan啟qi停ting車che，給gei煤mei量liang在zai考kao慮lv跳tiao汰tai機ji分fen選xuan前qian提ti下xia，也ye應ying兼jian顧gu緩huan衝chong倉cang料liao位wei和he鬥dou式shi提ti升sheng機ji能neng力li等deng因yin素su。當dang跳tiao汰tai機ji排pai料liao量liang較jiao大da，出chu現xian限xian製zhi排pai料liao信xin號hao或huo鬥dou式shi提ti升sheng機ji過guo載zai預yu警jing信xin號hao輸shu出chu時shi，給gei煤mei機ji控kong製zhi會hui迅xun速su作zuo出chu反fan應ying，減jian小xiao給gei料liao量liang或huo暫zan停ting給gei料liao，防fang止zhi出chu現xian壓ya鬥dou子zi事shi故gu。
